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考研英语翻译方法总结

拆译法和合译法

拆译是指将原文拆成若干段，使其中的词、短语或小句分开翻译。中英文语法结构不同，英文可随时插入定语，对名词作进一步解释;插入状语，对谓语动词加以修饰和限制，逐渐形成结构复杂、逻辑严密的长句。而中文的句子多简短，有主次先后，逐步交代，层层铺开。所以在翻译时，常常将英文的某些成分抽出来，拆译成*的句子，使译文短小精悍，符合汉语的行文习惯。

相反，在英译汉时，有时候也会见到把英语的两个单句，复合句和并列句压缩糅合在一起翻译，或者合并一起用少个句子、短语或者词组就可以准确表达其意思。期间可以加上合适的连接词，将句子内在逻辑关系表现出来。这样处理比较符合汉语语言的洗练简洁的特点，避免译文的拖泥带水和罗嗦的缺点。

1. The patient,on the surface, a thin,pallid, weary looking elderly man, with an appearence of anxiety on being questioned, and an attitude of giving no cooperation while being examined is hardly accessible.

病人是一位年事稍高的男人，论外表，身躯清瘦，面色苍白，神情疲怠。询问时表现焦虑，检查时极其不配合，颇难接近。(拆译)

2. In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break and said, when I spoke to him, that he was hungry , because he had had no food for two days.

在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得很伤心。我问他为什么哭，他说肚子饿，两天没有吃东西了。(拆译)

3. His delegation agreed with the Executive Director that the fund should continue working for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic, social and demographic factors.

他的代表团同意执行主任的意见，认为该基金会应该继续努力，以求更好地了解经济、社会和人口这三方面的相互关系。(拆译)

4. His eyes were triumphantly cold. There was no light in them, no feeling, no interest.他的目光傲慢冷酷、呆滞无光、淡漠无情。(合译)

5. The manual is difficult for beginners. The author has margined every page with instructive comments.

本手册对于初学者较难，因此作者在每页都附有指导性的注释。(合译)

6. Put an egg into a glass of fresh water. The egg will sink to the bottom of the glass.

如果把一只鸡蛋放入一杯淡水中，鸡蛋就会沉到杯底。(合译)